New York Legislature / Gov. Hochul · 2025

New York RAISE Act

NY RAISE

New York's Responsible AI Safety and Education Act establishes reporting and safety governance for frontier AI developers. It covers companies with over $500M in revenue developing frontier models and requires publicly disclosed safety and security protocols. The act includes civil penalties of $1M for initial violations, escalating to $3M for repeat offenses.

Key Provisions

Regulatory Philosophy

Compliance-oriented with meaningful penalties. New York's approach is notably more enforcement-heavy than California's SB 53, with specific dollar penalties and shorter reporting windows. The RAISE Act's alignment with CAISI standards signals willingness to harmonize with federal frameworks.

This proposal is one of the frontier framework family built on California's SB 53. Compare the family side by side →

Where the burden falls

FrontierPrimaryAppsNoneHyperscalersNoneChipsNone
Base assessed
Frontier developers above a $500M revenue threshold
Why it lands there
Same selector as SB 53 and the same result: the frontier layer alone, reached through reporting obligations backed by monetary penalties. The app, hyperscaler, and chip layers have no exposure, which is why neither state law drew organized opposition from them.
Compare all proposals by layer →

Strengths

Derived from the proposal’s own policy documents

  • +Specific dollar penalties ($1M initial, $3M repeat) create real financial consequences rather than relying on transparency alone
  • +72-hour incident reporting window is tighter than California's 15-day standard, creating faster public awareness of safety failures
  • +Mandatory public disclosure of safety protocols lets independent researchers and journalists hold companies accountable
  • +Administrative, technical, and physical cybersecurity protections address the full spectrum of AI system vulnerabilities
  • +CAISI alignment signals readiness to harmonize with federal standards, positioning New York as a constructive partner rather than a rogue regulator

Weaknesses

From the perspective of political opposition

  • −$1M penalties are a rounding error for companies with $500M+ in revenue — this is the appearance of enforcement without the substance, a parking ticket for a corporation
  • −No pre-deployment testing means New York waits for harm to occur before acting — a fundamentally reactive framework that treats the public as guinea pigs
  • −Zero worker protection provisions in a state where AI is already displacing financial services, media, and legal workers by the thousands
  • −The $500M revenue threshold means this law applies to roughly five companies — it is a symbolic gesture, not comprehensive governance
  • −Compliance-oriented regulation favors companies with large legal departments over innovative competitors, further entrenching incumbent dominance

On the Podcasts

Verbatim from podcast transcripts; each links to the moment it was said

“The RAISE Act, when passed, was the strongest AI safety law in the country. But it didn't actually put that many demands. It applies to probably five companies by its thresholds…”
Alex Bores, NY Assemblymember and RAISE Act sponsorGD POLITICS · Alex Bores Puts The Odds Of AI Doom At 20% · Oct 12, 2026
“I think what was striking to me was sort of how much mythology was baked into what was happening in terms of the notion that the RAISE Act itself was going to have a massive impact on the industry, which I do not think it will…”
Micah Lasher, NY Assemblymember; Democratic nominee for NY-12Firewall with Bradley Tusk · Micah Wins! · Jul 2, 2026
“You had this super PAC where Greg Brockman, the president of OpenAI, is a very influential character, prominently opposing the RAISE Act. And then you have OpenAI's chief global affairs officer basically praising the outcome as we got it.”
Gregory C. Allen, Decision Tree Research CEO; ex-CSIS AI directorThe AI Policy Podcast · xAI's Latest Controversy and New York's New AI Safety Bill · Jan 9, 2026

Position on Analytical Frameworks

Enforcement Mechanism vs. Regulatory Scope

Prevention vs. Liability & Regulatory Authority

Innovation Priority vs. Worker Protection

Pre-deployment Obligations vs. Federal Preemption

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